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The Canadian Mineralogist; December 2007; v. 45; no. 6; p. 1397-1413; DOI: 10.3749/canmin.45.6.1397
© 2007 Mineralogical Association of Canada
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Articles

CHEMICAL SUBSTITUTIONS IN OXIDIZED TOURMALINE IN GRANITE-RELATED MINERALIZED HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS, WESTERN TURKEY

Tolga Oyman1,§ and M. Darby Dyar2

1 Department of Geological Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Dokuz Eylül University, 35100 Bornova–Izmir, Turkey
2 Department of Earth and Environment, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts 01075, U.S.A.

§ E-mail address: tolga.oyman{at}deu.edu.tr

Tourmaline is the most common borosilicate mineral in granite-related magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits in the Aegean region of western Turkey. Hydrothermal deposits there include the mesothermal argentiferous Pb–Zn–Cu deposit at Kadikalesi (Bodrum–Mugla) and the porphyry Au deposit at Kisladag (Esme–Usak), with related potassic igneous rocks and accompanying Tertiary strata of western Anatolia. At Kadikalesi, mesothermal vein-type mineralization is linked to monzodioritic intrusions in a subvolcanic suite, which is overlain by volcanic rocks ranging in composition from calc-alkaline to potassic. In the non-brecciated hydrothermal systems, tourmaline occurs as subhedral to anhedral crystals in monzodiorite or as an essential mineral in veins and their reaction zones. At Kisladag, magmatic-hydrothermal brecciation associated with multiphase intrusions of latite porphyry is related to the Kisladag caldera. Tourmaline is an abundant and widespread alteration-induced mineral throughout the Kisladag porphyry system. Electron-microprobe analyses of the tourmaline crystals collected from both hydrothermal deposits show significant chemical variation within the range of buergerite compositions. The main substitution mechanism involves the CaFe2+[Na–1(Al,Fe3+)–1] exchange vector. Compositions deviate from ideal schorl–dravite along a trend that closely approximates the uvite exchange-vector. Mössbauer spectroscopy shows the presence of significant Fe3+ in all the tourmaline crystals, suggesting a high oxidation state for the ore-forming fluids, and for related hydrothermal systems associated with emplacement of subvolcanic intrusions.

Keywords: tourmaline, electron-microprobe data, Mössbauer spectroscopy, tourmaline stability, Kadikalesi Pb–Zn–Cu deposit, Kisladag Au deposit, Turkey.






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